In all these four lineages, the majority of oocytes enter the pachytene at the original ploidy level, but their chromosomes cannot pair properly and form univalents, bivalents and multivalents. Here, we document that oocytes go through meiosis in three widespread, or even strongly invasive, obligate parthenogenetic complexes of geckos, namely in diploid and triploid Lepidodactylus lugubris, and triploid Hemiphyllodactylus typus and Heteronotia binoei. Offspring of the parthenogenetic hybrids are genetic copies of their mothers however, the cellular mechanism enabling the production of unreduced cells is largely unknown. The obligate parthenogenetic complexes typically include both diploid and triploid lineages. Obligate parthenogenesis evolved in reptiles convergently several times, mostly through interspecific hybridization.
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